Academia / Other

	Análisis de Normas de Abandono de Tranques de Relaves y Faenas Mineras (A major study on mine closure planning prepared by the Mining Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile for the Chilean Ministry of Mines) Date: 03/01/1998 Author: Empresa Filial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
	ICMM Submission to the Extractive Industries Review Date: 12/11/2002 Author: International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) ICMM's submission to the Extractive Industries Review comprises an overview of the organization; ICMM's recommendations; ICMM's views on the role of the World Bank Group in the mining sector; and the contribution of mining to sustainable development and poverty reduction.
	'Should Developing Countries Renounce Mining? A Perspective on the Debate' Date: 12/10/2002 Author: Colorado School of Mines According to conventional or traditional wisdom, countries that possess rich mineral deposits are fortunate. Such deposits are assets, and so are part of a country's natural capital. Like an individual or family, the more capital and wealth a nation possesses, the richer and better off it is...Despite the intuitive appeal of the traditional wisdom, a new view of mining has emerged over the past two decades that questions the positive relationship between mineral extraction and economic development...
	Environmental Aspects of Phosphate and Potash Mining Date: 12/01/2001 Author: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA)
	"Beyond Dutch Diseases" An essay on fostering a non-polar agenda for Mining Reform. Date: 08/21/2002 Author: Saleem H. Ali, Ph. D
	Comments on "Treasure or Trouble? Mining in Developing Countries" Date: 08/19/2002 Author: Michael L Ross
	Mining and Sustainable Development II Challenges and Perspectives Author: UNEP Activities related to mining and sustainable development have been an important part of UNEP's work for a number of years. This is, in fact, the second issue of Industry and Environment devoted to the subject. The environmental effects of the mining industry include destruction of natural habitats, changes in river regimes and water tables, and other serious ecological impacts. Although the industry has succeeded in making improvements, serious problems remain, beginning with the need to reduce the number and severity of accidents.
	Chemistry and Metallurgy in the Portuguese Empire Author: Fathi Habashi, Department of Mining and Metallurgy, Laval University
	Unbridled Development of Urban Space and its Implications on the Preservation of Landmarks: the Morro da Queimada Archaeological Site, Ouro Preto, Brazil Author: Marco Fonseca, Frederico Sobreira, M. Estela Rainho and Marcus Oliveira, Federal University of Ouro Preto The process of expansion of urban centers in Brazil has been distinguished by the complete absence of planning. As a result, a press disturbance has been developed on urban environments due to encroaching land use (the slummification) of neighborhoods by low-income individuals. One aspect of the problem is the defacement and destruction of landmarks. Attention is given to the Morro da Queimada Archaelogical Site. This site represents an important cultural heritage of the 1720 movement of secession during the gold rush. Several ruins of mining equipments, such as houses, wells, shafts and galleries have been gradually destroyed. The process of uncharacterization of the site has been monitored since 1950 by using aerial photographs and other cartographic basis. Collected data indicates a conservative annual land-use rate of about 1.5%. This rate points out to the complete destruction of the site in 2008. It is here proposed the creation of the Morro da Queimada Historical Park, within the limits of the remnant set of ruins.
	The MMSD Final Report Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development: Executive Summary Mineral products are essential to contemporary societies and economies. Many basic needs cannot be met without them. But simply meeting market demand for mineral commodities falls far short of meeting society's expectations of industry. The process of producing, using, and recycling minerals could help society reach many other goals – providing jobs directly and indirectly, aiding in the development of national economies, and helping to reach energy and resource efficiency targets, among many others. Where industry is falling far short of meeting these objectives, it is seen as failing in its obligations and is increasingly unwelcome.
	Amigos de la Tierra o Enemigos de los Pobres Date: 10/08/2001 Author: Juan M. Ossio Article published on October 8, 2001 in El Comercio, newspaper from Lima, Peru Hay veces se piensa que los fundamentalismos son solo movimientos de los países pobres sumidos en arcaicas tradiciones religiosas o concepciones políticas. Esto no es asi. También ocurre en países modernos, industrializados entre sectores que aburridos de tanta mecanización se vuelven nostálgicos del retorno a la naturaleza olvidándose que existen pueblos que por casi estarlo en un contexto globalizado han devenido en los más pobres de los pobres. Es asi que una organización inglesa de defensa de la naturaleza llamada "Friends of the Earth" está solicitando a las instituciones financieras internacionales que por un plazo de cinco años suspendan el financiamiento que han venido otorgando a los proyectos petroleros (fossil fuel) y mineros.
	How Does Natural Resource Wealth Influence Civil War? Date: 12/01/2001 Author: Michael Ross, Ph. D., Assistant Professor UCLA Political Science Department According to several recent studies, a country's natural resource dependence is highly correlated with the likelihood it will suffer from civil war. The mechanisms behind this correlations are not obvious: different scholars offer different theories but with little evidence. This paper uses a novel "medium-N" approach to examine the causal mechanisms behind this correlation. ....
	Oil, Drugs, and Diamonds: How do Natural Resources Vary in their Impact on Civil War? Date: 02/01/2002 Author: Michael Ross, Ph. D., Assistant Professor, UCLA Political Science Department According to several recent studies, when states rely more heavily on the export of natural resources, they are more likely to suffer from civil war. But are all types of commercially-valuable natural resources - including oil, hard-rock minerals, gemstones, timber, agricultural commodities, and illegal drugs - equally likely to lead to civil war? Do different types of resources have different effects on conflict?
	Does Oil Hinder Democracy? (World Politics) Date: 04/01/2001 Author: Michael Ross, Ph. D., Assistant Professor, UCLA Political Science Department Political scientists believe that oil has some very odd properties. Many studies show that when incomes rise, governments tend to become more democratic. Yet some scholars impy there is an exception to this rule: if rising incomes can be traced to a country's oil wealth, they suggest, this democratizing effect will shrink or disappear. Does oil really have antidemocratic properties? What about other minerals and other commodities? What might explain these effects? ...
	The Political Economy of the Resource Curse (World Politics) Date: 01/01/1999 Author: Michael Ross, Ph. D., Assistant Professor, UCLA Political Science Department How does a state's natural resource wealth influence its economic development? For the past fifty years, versions of this question have figured prominently in debates over dependency theory, economic dualism, a proposed New International Economic Order, East Asia's success, and Africa's collapse. Since the late 1980s, economists and political scientists have produced a flood of new research that bears on this question. There is now strong evidence that states with abundant resource wealth perform less well than their resource-poor counterparts, but there is little agreement on why this occurs. ...
	Petro-states - Predatory or Developmental? Date: 08/01/2000 Author: Helge Ole Bergesen, Torleif Haugland and Leiv Lunde Historical evidence show that resource-abundant developing countries have performed markedly worse in terms of GDP development than resource-poor countries. From 1960-1990 the latter grew more than twice as fast as those more generously endowed by Mother Nature. A similar pattern is seen with respect to social indicators, with for instance oil-rich African countries performing well below the African average. Oil booms have increased public spending, but neither the poor nor the future ...
	Mining Indigenous Lands: Can Impacts and Benefits be Reconciled?, Cultural Survival Quarterly 25.1 Date: 11/01/2001 Author: Guest edited by Saleem Ali & Larissa Behrendt Cultural Survival on "cultural survival" by Ian S. McIntosh & David Maybury-Lewis In a recent issue of Civilization, a publication of the U.S. National Library, Harvard philosophy professor Michael Blake objects to the expression "cultural survival" because he understands its usage as being something close to a moral absolute: to refuse to endorse the protection and promotion of an endangered traditional people's way of life is to somehow endorse their membership in the ever-growing and conformist monoculture or even their extinction ...